What is consensus in blockchain and how does it maintain network integrity?

Consensus in a blockchain refers to the agreement among network participants on the current state of the blockchain. This agreement is essential for maintaining network integrity and preventing fraudulent or malicious activity.

In a blockchain, each transaction is verified by network nodes before it is added to the blockchain. These nodes use complex algorithms to reach a consensus on the validity of the transaction. This consensus mechanism ensures that every node in the network agrees on the state of the blockchain.

There are several different consensus mechanisms that can be used in a blockchain, such as proof of work, proof of stake, and delegated proof of stake. Each mechanism has its own way of verifying transactions and reaching consensus, but they all serve the same purpose of maintaining network integrity and preventing fraudulent activity.